diff --git a/test/official-channel-catalog.test.ts b/test/official-channel-catalog.test.ts
index a538ee2114a..6f0db1346f9 100644
--- a/test/official-channel-catalog.test.ts
+++ b/test/official-channel-catalog.test.ts
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ describe("buildOfficialChannelCatalog", () => {
     expect(entries.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
     for (const entry of entries) {
       const installSource = describePluginInstallSource(requireInstall(entry));
-      expect(installSource.warnings).toEqual([]);
+      expect(installSource.warnings).toStrictEqual([]);
       expect(requireNpmInstallSource(installSource).pinState).toBe("exact-with-integrity");
     }
   });
diff --git a/test/openclaw-npm-postpublish-verify.test.ts b/test/openclaw-npm-postpublish-verify.test.ts
index 9ad7a03141c..e2d6dadd460 100644
--- a/test/openclaw-npm-postpublish-verify.test.ts
+++ b/test/openclaw-npm-postpublish-verify.test.ts
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ describe("collectInstalledContextEngineRuntimeErrors", () => {
         "utf8",
       );
 
-      expect(collectInstalledContextEngineRuntimeErrors(packageRoot)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(collectInstalledContextEngineRuntimeErrors(packageRoot)).toStrictEqual([]);
     } finally {
       rmSync(packageRoot, { recursive: true, force: true });
     }
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ describe("collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors", () => {
         "utf8",
       );
 
-      expect(collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors(packageRoot)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors(packageRoot)).toStrictEqual([]);
     } finally {
       rmSync(packageRoot, { recursive: true, force: true });
     }
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ describe("collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors", () => {
         "utf8",
       );
 
-      expect(collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors(packageRoot)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors(packageRoot)).toStrictEqual([]);
     } finally {
       rmSync(packageRoot, { recursive: true, force: true });
     }
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ describe("collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors", () => {
         "utf8",
       );
 
-      expect(collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors(packageRoot)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors(packageRoot)).toStrictEqual([]);
     } finally {
       rmSync(packageRoot, { recursive: true, force: true });
     }
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ describe("collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors", () => {
         "utf8",
       );
 
-      expect(collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors(packageRoot)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors(packageRoot)).toStrictEqual([]);
     } finally {
       rmSync(packageRoot, { recursive: true, force: true });
     }
diff --git a/test/openclaw-npm-release-check.test.ts b/test/openclaw-npm-release-check.test.ts
index 5d4b3117f6f..5981489acd0 100644
--- a/test/openclaw-npm-release-check.test.ts
+++ b/test/openclaw-npm-release-check.test.ts
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ describe("collectControlUiPackErrors", () => {
         "dist/control-ui/assets/index-Bu8rSoJV.js",
         "dist/control-ui/assets/index-BK0yXA_h.css",
       ]),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });
 
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ describe("collectPackedTestCargoErrors", () => {
         "dist/extensions/whatsapp/node_modules/pino/lib/proto.js",
         "dist/extensions/webhooks/node_modules/zod/v4/core/api.js",
       ]),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("allows legitimate package roots named test under node_modules", () => {
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ describe("collectPackedTestCargoErrors", () => {
         "dist/extensions/fixture-plugin/node_modules/direct/node_modules/test/index.js",
         "dist/extensions/fixture-plugin/node_modules/direct/node_modules/@scope/tests/index.js",
       ]),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("allows leaf runtime filenames named test or tests", () => {
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ describe("collectPackedTestCargoErrors", () => {
         "dist/extensions/fixture-plugin/node_modules/direct/bin/test",
         "dist/extensions/fixture-plugin/node_modules/direct/bin/tests",
       ]),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("normalizes Windows or mixed separators before classifying test cargo", () => {
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ describe("collectReleaseTagErrors", () => {
         releaseTag: "v2026.3.10",
         now: new Date("2026-03-11T12:00:00Z"),
       }),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("rejects versions outside the two-day CalVer window", () => {
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ describe("collectReleaseTagErrors", () => {
         releaseTag: "v2026.3.10-1",
         now: new Date("2026-03-10T00:00:00Z"),
       }),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("accepts correction package versions paired with matching correction tags", () => {
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ describe("collectReleaseTagErrors", () => {
         releaseTag: "v2026.3.10-1",
         now: new Date("2026-03-10T00:00:00Z"),
       }),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("rejects beta package versions paired with fallback correction tags", () => {
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ describe("collectReleasePackageMetadataErrors", () => {
         repository: { url: "git+https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw.git" },
         bin: { openclaw: "openclaw.mjs" },
       }),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("rejects node-llama-cpp as a peer dependency", () => {
diff --git a/test/openclaw-prepack.test.ts b/test/openclaw-prepack.test.ts
index a47b36ea5e9..b9243fe0a53 100644
--- a/test/openclaw-prepack.test.ts
+++ b/test/openclaw-prepack.test.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ describe("collectPreparedPrepackErrors", () => {
         ["dist/index.mjs", "dist/control-ui/index.html"],
         ["dist/control-ui/assets/index-Bu8rSoJV.js"],
       ),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("reports missing build and control ui artifacts", () => {
diff --git a/test/plugin-clawhub-release.test.ts b/test/plugin-clawhub-release.test.ts
index 18d8eb9dd3a..5bfba936e19 100644
--- a/test/plugin-clawhub-release.test.ts
+++ b/test/plugin-clawhub-release.test.ts
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ describe("resolveChangedClawHubPublishablePluginPackages", () => {
         plugins: publishablePlugins,
         changedPaths: ["pnpm-lock.yaml"],
       }),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });
 
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ describe("collectClawHubVersionGateErrors", () => {
       gitRange: { baseRef, headRef },
     });
 
-    expect(errors).toEqual([]);
+    expect(errors).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("does not require a version bump for shared release-tooling changes", () => {
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ describe("collectClawHubVersionGateErrors", () => {
       gitRange: { baseRef, headRef },
     });
 
-    expect(errors).toEqual([]);
+    expect(errors).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });
 
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ describe("collectPluginClawHubReleasePlan", () => {
       registryBaseUrl: "https://clawhub.ai",
     });
 
-    expect(plan.candidates).toEqual([]);
+    expect(plan.candidates).toStrictEqual([]);
     expect(plan.skippedPublished).toHaveLength(1);
     expect(plan.skippedPublished[0]).toMatchObject({
       packageName: "@openclaw/demo-plugin",
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ describe("collectClawHubOpenClawOwnerErrors", () => {
         }),
     });
 
-    expect(errors).toEqual([]);
+    expect(errors).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });
 
diff --git a/test/plugin-npm-release.test.ts b/test/plugin-npm-release.test.ts
index 90fe482d3bb..946626c63f0 100644
--- a/test/plugin-npm-release.test.ts
+++ b/test/plugin-npm-release.test.ts
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ afterEach(() => {
 
 describe("parsePluginReleaseSelection", () => {
   it("returns an empty list for blank input", () => {
-    expect(parsePluginReleaseSelection("")).toEqual([]);
-    expect(parsePluginReleaseSelection("   ")).toEqual([]);
-    expect(parsePluginReleaseSelection(undefined)).toEqual([]);
+    expect(parsePluginReleaseSelection("")).toStrictEqual([]);
+    expect(parsePluginReleaseSelection("   ")).toStrictEqual([]);
+    expect(parsePluginReleaseSelection(undefined)).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("dedupes and sorts comma or whitespace separated package names", () => {
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ describe("collectPublishablePluginPackageErrors", () => {
           },
         },
       }),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("flags invalid publishable plugin metadata", () => {
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ describe("collectPublishablePluginPackages", () => {
       ),
     ).filter((entry) => !packageFiles.has(entry));
 
-    expect(missingExclusions).toEqual([]);
+    expect(missingExclusions).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("collects publishable npm plugins from extension package manifests", () => {
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ describe("collectPublishablePluginPackages", () => {
       collectPublishablePluginPackages(repoDir, {
         extensionIds: [],
       }),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("publishes alpha plugin packages to the alpha dist-tag", () => {
@@ -443,6 +443,6 @@ describe("resolveChangedPublishablePluginPackages", () => {
         plugins: publishablePlugins,
         changedExtensionIds: [],
       }),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/release-check.test.ts b/test/release-check.test.ts
index e4cdf4b05f4..f9d269fadfa 100644
--- a/test/release-check.test.ts
+++ b/test/release-check.test.ts
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ describe("collectAppcastSparkleVersionErrors", () => {
   it("accepts legacy 9-digit calver builds before lane-floor cutover", () => {
     const xml = `<rss><channel>${makeItem("2026.2.26", "202602260")}</channel></rss>`;
 
-    expect(collectAppcastSparkleVersionErrors(xml)).toEqual([]);
+    expect(collectAppcastSparkleVersionErrors(xml)).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("requires lane-floor builds on and after lane-floor cutover", () => {
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ describe("collectAppcastSparkleVersionErrors", () => {
   it("accepts canonical stable lane builds on and after lane-floor cutover", () => {
     const xml = `<rss><channel>${makeItem("2026.3.1", "2026030190")}</channel></rss>`;
 
-    expect(collectAppcastSparkleVersionErrors(xml)).toEqual([]);
+    expect(collectAppcastSparkleVersionErrors(xml)).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 });
 
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ describe("collectBundledExtensionManifestErrors", () => {
           },
         },
       ]),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("flags non-object install metadata instead of throwing", () => {
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ describe("bundled plugin package dependency checks", () => {
         "utf8",
       );
 
-      expect(collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors(tempRoot)).toEqual([]);
+      expect(collectInstalledRootDependencyManifestErrors(tempRoot)).toStrictEqual([]);
     } finally {
       rmSync(tempRoot, { recursive: true, force: true });
     }
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ describe("collectMissingPackPaths", () => {
         "dist/channel-catalog.json",
         PACKAGE_DIST_INVENTORY_RELATIVE_PATH,
       ]),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("requires bundled plugin runtime sidecars that dynamic plugin boundaries resolve at runtime", () => {
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ describe("collectPackUnpackedSizeErrors", () => {
   it("accepts pack results within the unpacked size budget", () => {
     expect(
       collectPackUnpackedSizeErrors([makePackResult("openclaw-2026.3.14.tgz", 120_354_302)]),
-    ).toEqual([]);
+    ).toStrictEqual([]);
   });
 
   it("flags oversized pack results that risk low-memory startup failures", () => {